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A History of Western Philosophy is a 1945 book by philosopher Bertrand Russell. A survey of Western philosophy from the pre-Socratic philosophers to the early 20th century, it was criticised for its over-generalization and its omissions, particularly from the post-Cartesian period, but nevertheless became a popular and commercial success, and has remained in print from its first publication. When Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950, the book was cited as one of those that won him the award. The book provided Russell with financial security for the last part of his life.
Central terms in EPISTEMOLOGY,
contrasting two kinds of knowledge according to the way the human mind
apprehends it, with and without recourse to experience. A priori knowledge is
prior to, and independent of, observation or experiment; a posteriory knowledge
comes only after direct experience.
The great thinkers of the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment* were scientists. Not only did many of them contribute to mathematics, physics, and physiology, but all of them were avid theorists in the sciences of human nature.